Comparative Analysis of I Thought the Streets Were Payed with Gold by Essay

Comparative Analysis of I Thought the Streets Were Payed with Gold by Pacita Abad and Pleasure Pillars by Shahzia Sikander - Essay Example However, as the child-observer explores his society and comes in contact with the truth of the majority of occurrences around him, he may find himself arriving at the necessity to react contrary to the previous assumptions that essentially blind him from the real picture. Having experienced life as it is in the real world, I feel that Abad’s creation of â€Å"I Thought the Streets Were Paved with Gold† is something that materializes out of an everyday discovery of life that struggles with poor economy and social aspect of living that one, like a sensitive growing child, can draw rough sketches of events that are especially poignant to the senses. Abad’s work characterizes conflicts taking place within the working class, the minorities, the domestic sphere, as well as their relation to the prevailing foreign influence. It particularly drives me to the perspective of looking at women in these scenarios where oppression or violation of human rights possibly exist an d the artist may be claimed to have special regard for women of the streets or of places which are broadly affected by the suppression of progress due to imperialism. On the other hand, Shahzia Sikander’s â€Å"Pleasure Pillars† seemingly attempts to focus on the art from a rather humanist point of view as it conveys the inner human strength derived from the significant capacity to preserve culture and religion. As a Pakistani-American artist born in Lahore, Punjab, I think I understand such inclination specifically since the painting occurs to pay worth to the essence of the middle eastern pagan tradition and beliefs. â€Å"Pleasure Pillars†, in effect, establishes an impression that calls for enlightening the mind and spirit with the goodness of religious or cultural enthusiasm through beauty and symmetry in art forms that, while it masks the truth about poverty or economic crisis, Sikander delivers through her work the underlying tone of hope toward enlighten ment despite all the sufferings of the modern times. Compared to the realistic theme of Abad’s piece of art, that of Sikander seeks to justify itself in the light of resolution to unpleasant feelings and mindfulness over sick images of reality by allowing freedom and this freedom is sought from within. A human being is capable of higher intellect and spiritual potential to surpass anything unpleasant that may affect a person in critiquing the externals as long as he keeps track of the ability to perceive delight and celebrate the value of cultural creativity as in songs and dances of worship which the artist’s craft demonstrates. Nevertheless, just like Abad, Sikander presents angles of â€Å"Pleasure Pillars† with woman as the chief object of beauty and pleasure and this exhibits a measure of power in which, even if the female gender is underrated at some dimensions, at others the same gender is treated with utmost importance. Response 1: ‘Traditional rep resentation of the Virgin of Guadalupe’ is representative of Virgin Mary as a Roman Catholic figure with physical characteristics of a Mexican so that the icon reflects Mexican traits in terms of skin complexion, clothing, and background shades typical of a native scenario in Mexico. This could mean

Response to the Right Stuff Essay Example for Free

Response to the Right Stuff Essay David Suzuki in his essay â€Å"The Right Stuff† stresses the importance of sex education and human biology, in the course of science, in high schools. He urges that in high schools sex education should be taught first than any other subject. Suzuki argues that the impressions made in high school are very deep and are unforgotten than any other stage of life, so in this age, whatever they will learn, will always remember and will be very beneficial throughout their life. So, he urges the need of educating human sexuality in high school. Although Suzuki’s idea of teaching sex education in high school is interesting, the argument he makes is less than convincing. Suzuki’s main purpose for writing essay is reflecting the importance of sex education in high schools. He wants that science education in high schools should be taught practically and in more interesting way. He argues that the students in high school are enough mature to understand about sex education, and the lessons they learn at high schools will be helpful for their whole life and they will always remember those lessons. He says that all students do not choose science course at university level, so sex education needs to be taught in high schools. He informs that the students are interested and pay more attention towards the topics of human biology, drugs, and sex, so in science class sex education should be taught first. Suzuki in his essay uses the information from his personal knowledge and from his science background. He sees everything in a scientific way because of a science background, and suggests teachers that first they go through practically from every subject in science before teaching to students. He also wants in high schools, sex education should be plan around human biology. The major part of the essay covered his personal narration, which is his visit to a small town to judge a science fair. Suzuki also uses some information in his essay, from the book â€Å"Is There Life After High School?† that he read and some given by a high school teacher of a small town about the interes t of students towards sex, drugs and cars. The consequences of Suzuki’s reasoning are that some of the parents and religious persons maybe on the other side because maybe they do not want that their children know about sex education, that is why, they may be disagree. On the other side, if students get all the information regarding sex in their early age at high school, they might be grow too quickly, and probably get into sexual activities in their young age. In some of the religions, sex education is not allowed in high schools, if it kept compulsory in schools, so maybe some religions will oppose it. And also students may not pay much attention to other subjects, or they start watching erotic films, so that will affect their life. In his essay, Suzuki does not provide strong evidences to support his idea. He first describes the life of students in high school and the changes occur in that period, then he suddenly shifts to his personal experience in a small northern town with 400 high school students. But his main points are not properly argued. Suzuki wants sex education to be taught in high school, but he didn’t think about the bad impact of that education on students. Some students will probably do a lot of bad things, which they don’t need to do, if they will get the knowledge about sex in their teenage. So, his main point is not convincing.

Legalize Prostitution Essay -- Its Time for Legalized Prostitution

One of the oldest legal debates comes from one of the world's oldest profession, prostitution, there is no denying that the sex industry has taken international dimensions and is recognized as an economic motor for many countries. As countries around the world debate the merits of legalizing or at least decriminalizing prostitution. The following questions should be addressed. Would legalization reduce some of the inequalities and abuse suffered by the women involved? On the other hand, by legitimizing prostitution, would society reverse decades of work to promote human rights and improve the status of women? On the surface, this looks like a rehashing of a timeless debate. However, it is not. The question is no longer about morality -- is prostitution a vice and are those involved evil or somehow lacking in judgement? Now the question should be asked: is prostitution a form of exploitation to be abolished or an occupation to be regulated? To get a feel for what is going on and how opinions are changing, one should look to the headlines. In the Christian Science Monitor, an ex-call girl is challenging Florida State laws on prostitution. In Amsterdam, the "First World Whore's Congress" takes place. Prostitutes from around the world came together to make a statement of solidarity. In the Times Higher Education Supplement, John Taylor, Chief executive of Sheffield Britain 's Chamber of Trade, says, "You can't eradicate it. All you can do is drive it underground. I am a realist. It's better that it should be controlled." These are all separate incidences where some kind of regulation, decriminalization, or legalization of prostitution is being debated. By decriminalizing prostitution, laws would protect prostitutes, enable ... ...Social Reformer: Commercial Vice in the Progressive Era. Ed Charles Rosenberg and Carroll Smith-Rosenberg. New York: Arno Press, 1974. A report of the Vice Commission of Minneapolis to His Honor, James C. Haynes and of a report on existing conditions with recommendations to the Honorable Rudolph Blankenburg, mayor of Philadelphia, 1974. Davis, Nanette J. Prostitution: An International Handbook Trends, Problems, and Policies. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1993 "This handbook fills a significant gap in understanding prostitution in multicultural terms." Roberts, Nickie. Whores in History: Prostitution in Western Society London, HarperCollins, 1992 This book gives the history of prostitution dating back to Ancient Greece and continues through to the Twentieth century and the new movement to legalize prostitution and gain rights for the prostitutes.

Religion Essay -- Secularization, Anomy

With a multiplicity of variances among the myriad forms of it which exist and have existed in the past, religion is a difficult topic on which people can come to any mutual agreements, especially regarding its purpose in the lives of human beings. Taking a sociological viewpoint of this phenomenon, Berger defines religion as the human endeavor, stimulated by man's unique biological constitution, by which a sacred cosmos is created for the purpose of establishing a sense of order and meaning within man's life and to protect him against the horrors of nothingness and chaos. Non-human animals enter worlds which are mapped out for them, with limited choices available and secure guidelines by which they must live. Man, however, has an â€Å"underspecialized and undirected† instinctual nature (5), so he must create his own world. This world-building, creating society, occurs in three steps. First, man pours out meaning into the environment which surrounds him and creates culture, a process known as externalization (5-6). The society and all of its parts that he creates, material and non-material, becomes â€Å"objectivated human activity† (11), in that its status as existing apart from the humans who created it changes it into objective reality that men collectively regard as fact. In the final step of world-building, through the process of socialization, man is not only taught the objectivated meanings of his society but â€Å"internalizes† them so that they shape his very consciousness (15). This socially constructed world is †Å"above all, an ordering of experience...a nomos† (19). By externalizing meaning upon an otherwise meaningless environment, transforming those meanings into objective realities, and internalizing them within consciousness, ... ...within the private sphere. The above argument aims to emphasize that religion is a powerful human construction which, in its use of the sacred as validating the world man creates, has the power to detach itself from its human origins and take on a reality all its own. Since man comes into the world with limited instincts and an overwhelming variety of choices to make, religion helps him to construct and maintain a world that gives him a sense of grounding, allowing everything he does to feel more ordered and meaningful than it otherwise would. So thoroughly comprehensive is religion that, even when secularizing forces remove religious legitimations from the overall social world, religion still maintains ordering, meaningful positions inside the private lives of people all over the world, remaining a sacred canopy under which human beings can feel safe and secure. Religion Essay -- Secularization, Anomy With a multiplicity of variances among the myriad forms of it which exist and have existed in the past, religion is a difficult topic on which people can come to any mutual agreements, especially regarding its purpose in the lives of human beings. Taking a sociological viewpoint of this phenomenon, Berger defines religion as the human endeavor, stimulated by man's unique biological constitution, by which a sacred cosmos is created for the purpose of establishing a sense of order and meaning within man's life and to protect him against the horrors of nothingness and chaos. Non-human animals enter worlds which are mapped out for them, with limited choices available and secure guidelines by which they must live. Man, however, has an â€Å"underspecialized and undirected† instinctual nature (5), so he must create his own world. This world-building, creating society, occurs in three steps. First, man pours out meaning into the environment which surrounds him and creates culture, a process known as externalization (5-6). The society and all of its parts that he creates, material and non-material, becomes â€Å"objectivated human activity† (11), in that its status as existing apart from the humans who created it changes it into objective reality that men collectively regard as fact. In the final step of world-building, through the process of socialization, man is not only taught the objectivated meanings of his society but â€Å"internalizes† them so that they shape his very consciousness (15). This socially constructed world is †Å"above all, an ordering of experience...a nomos† (19). By externalizing meaning upon an otherwise meaningless environment, transforming those meanings into objective realities, and internalizing them within consciousness, ... ...within the private sphere. The above argument aims to emphasize that religion is a powerful human construction which, in its use of the sacred as validating the world man creates, has the power to detach itself from its human origins and take on a reality all its own. Since man comes into the world with limited instincts and an overwhelming variety of choices to make, religion helps him to construct and maintain a world that gives him a sense of grounding, allowing everything he does to feel more ordered and meaningful than it otherwise would. So thoroughly comprehensive is religion that, even when secularizing forces remove religious legitimations from the overall social world, religion still maintains ordering, meaningful positions inside the private lives of people all over the world, remaining a sacred canopy under which human beings can feel safe and secure.

Black Women’s Feminism and Literature Essay

Black Women, the term often denotes the black skinned people, especially those who are based on the African region. Though various famous writers who shed their words as bloods and fought against the injustice that where happening against the black people, Maya Angelou was one remarkable person. She concentrated more towards the women sector, as she is a more sensitive and phenomenal woman by herself. One innate quality of her is that she is always proud to see her as a woman. Most of her literary works focus towards bringing revolution in the society, in particular for women. Black women faced lots of troubles due to inequality and racial discrimination and to overcome all these were formed the National Black Feminism Organisation (NBFO). All women from this organisation fought for achieving equality and power for the blacks. Several social, political and feminist movements where held to support the black women. This seriousness of problem was not only because of inequality faced by the black women. They were also cheaply thrust to sexism by the men of other class. It is a undoubted fact that writers are the most expressive and understanding people more than others, and they have a different logical perspective towards anything they perceive. That is why writers, especially female writers focus more towards the welfare of women and it is absolutely undeniable that women deserve all these special benefits and considerations. I, out of personal experience, owe my fullest respect to the women I personally lived my life with. It is none other than my precious mother. I would say women scarify the best way to offer the best things for others. She is the role model in my life and she has moulded me in a very adorable way and what I am today is just what she blessed me with. I always bow my head to the precious gift god gave me. Women are always the best examples in various fields, and if no women, there is nothing pleasant in the world. African American Women, though has faced lot of struggles and obstacles, have managed to successfully overcome all of them. Today, in this 21st century, we can see various women from the Black history to be successful shining in all fields. Our dearest writer Maya Angelou is one such person, and the list may extend up to Daisy Bates, who is a revolutionary journalist and an active member of civil rights. Maya has sculpted the pain of the black women in each of her works and this has also been a reason for the revolution. It will definitely not be hype when we say black women have contributed a lot to the global culture. One main reason for this could be their resistance and withstanding capacity towards all the obstacles and humiliation they happened to come across. They used their power wisely in overcoming all this struggles. If they would have felt the troubles a big burden for them, then they would definitely have gone invisible to all of them. But, they stood up sturdy against all these racism and sexism issues. They made use of their strengths and powers in a constructive way by initiating various activist movements and fighting for the law. They proved that they deserve the equal rights and power and they are no way lesser than other society women. Days when women thought themselves as victims have gone beyond the mountains and now women overcome the struggles by exhibiting their talents and traits. Participation of women in all fields is drastically increasing and now there is no field you can observe that women cannot be a part of it. Women prove that they are always the winners, be it any discipline. References http://www. poemhunter. com/poem/phenomenal-woman/ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Black_feminism http://womenshistory. about. com/od/africanamerican/a/black_women. htm

Beloved Adenuga Essays (983 words) - Economy, Unemployment, World

Beloved Adenuga Essays (983 words) - Economy, Unemployment, World Beloved Adenuga Professor Seifert ENGW 102 sec 10 13 September,2017 Unemployment of Graduates in Nigeria Nigeria is currently faced with a lot of problems which includes but not limited to Boko Haram insurgency in the northern part of Nigeria, poor infrastructures, unemployment, bad road, irregular power supply, inadequate health system s , environmental pollution s , disunity as some are fighting for a division of Nigeria into two separate countries-Biafra war. These problems are so numerous that it will take years of collective effort on the part of individual Nigerians to br ing this country into actualization as the giant of Africa. But t his research will focus majorly on the issue of graduate u nemployment in Nigeria. It will discuss the causes, the effect s and the solution to this problem . About 200,000 people graduate from universities yearly but majority of them end of not having job. Due to frustration, some of these graduates take jobs that pay below their qualifications or not even related to their field of study just to earn a living . That is, graduates that are meant to be working in factories, hospitals, business enterprises are found working in stores, in elementary schools or doing other low pay jobs. This issue is so bad that even those that are highly qualified for a job end up not getting it. Due to cumulative unemployment over the years, lot of people apply to few job vacancies, this makes getting job difficult because e mployees are forced to look beyond qualifications and employ people based on favoritism and connection s. There are various factors that cause the massive unemployment in Nigeria. The major cause is government corruption. The government embezzle funds and resources that are meant to create more job opportunities . Instead of investing m oney into building industries that will employ thousands of people, government officials prefer to use that money for personal enrichment. Another factor is that there are no favorable conditions like regular electricity supply , good roads to make existing industries strive. The absence of these conditions increases the expenses of existing companies causing them to fold-up and discourages foreign investors from coming to Nigeria. When existing companies fold up, the few employed people get unemployed leading to increased unemployment. Unemployment has made the youth s to think of dubious and negative ways to make money. There is a term referred to as "419" in Nigeria, this is a corrupt practice in which the victim is convinced to give mo ney to a stranger. Unemployed young men usually engage in this practice to extort money from ladies overseas by disguising to be someone else. Some other effect s of unemployment are t he increased robberies, kidnappings, drug trafficking and prostitution. If the issue of unemployment can be resolved there will be an overall decrease in crime rate. Nigeria is the number one country of origin of international students from Africa . According to data from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS), the number of Nigerian students abroad in creased by 164 percent in the de cade between 2005 and 2015 alone- from 26,997 to 71,351 . This is also evident in the relatively large number of Nigerian here at Howard. This only depicts that unemployment in Nigeria get worse yearly therefore people consider studying abroad as a solu tion to unemployment . But studying abroad is not a solution to unemploy ment, Nigerians cannot continue to leave because of the fear of unemployment. So, somethings must be done to reduce unemployment. Government should create industrial friendly environment. Improvement of the power sector and transport systems will cut the production cost so that businesses can strive. Less taxes should be imposed on small scale businesses. These small-scale industries can grow to employ a good number of unemployed graduate given that they are supported and not just neglected . Strict laws against corruption should be established and enforced to prevent embezzlement of public funds by government officials I will be very detailed to enlighten people that are no t quite familiar with this issue in Nigeria . I will also be as analytical as possible by giving good estimates of figures where needed and

Free Essays on Evidence

Evidence can be defined as something that constitutes proof, an indication or sign, or data presented in court to substantiate claims or allegations. Police investigators handle evidence on a day to day basis and it is detrimental that they know how to handle the evidence appropriately. They must know how to identify, collect, and use the evidence in criminal investigations. This is very important if investigators plan to have a successful case proven. According to chapter one, evidence used to resolve and issue can be split into two areas. These areas are testimonial evidence and physical evidence. Testimonial evidence is presented by a means of a spoken word. This evidence can come from the defendant, the complainant, police officers and other witnesses. Testimonial evidence normally comes from the witness stand, but voice recording and videotapes are occasionally admitted. Although testimonial evidence is important, it is subjective. A person’s memory of an event is not always what actually occurred, and an eyewitness perception can be distorted, so the best type of evidence is physical evidence. Physical evidence refers to any material item that would be present at a crime scene. This evidence is tangible and can take any shape, size, or dimension. The physical evidence collected at the scene may prove a crime was committed, establish any key elements of a crime, link a suspect with the victim or the scene, establish identity, corroborate verbal witness statements, or exonerate the innocent. Because physical evidence can either make or break a case, it is essential that an investigator know how to correctly identify, individualize, collect, and preserve this evidence. Majority of evidence found at a crime scene can only be identified. It is important to know what items share the same source and what unique source that is; individualization. Although it may be hard to know exactly what a piece of evidence c... Free Essays on Evidence Free Essays on Evidence Evidence can be defined as something that constitutes proof, an indication or sign, or data presented in court to substantiate claims or allegations. Police investigators handle evidence on a day to day basis and it is detrimental that they know how to handle the evidence appropriately. They must know how to identify, collect, and use the evidence in criminal investigations. This is very important if investigators plan to have a successful case proven. According to chapter one, evidence used to resolve and issue can be split into two areas. These areas are testimonial evidence and physical evidence. Testimonial evidence is presented by a means of a spoken word. This evidence can come from the defendant, the complainant, police officers and other witnesses. Testimonial evidence normally comes from the witness stand, but voice recording and videotapes are occasionally admitted. Although testimonial evidence is important, it is subjective. A person’s memory of an event is not always what actually occurred, and an eyewitness perception can be distorted, so the best type of evidence is physical evidence. Physical evidence refers to any material item that would be present at a crime scene. This evidence is tangible and can take any shape, size, or dimension. The physical evidence collected at the scene may prove a crime was committed, establish any key elements of a crime, link a suspect with the victim or the scene, establish identity, corroborate verbal witness statements, or exonerate the innocent. Because physical evidence can either make or break a case, it is essential that an investigator know how to correctly identify, individualize, collect, and preserve this evidence. Majority of evidence found at a crime scene can only be identified. It is important to know what items share the same source and what unique source that is; individualization. Although it may be hard to know exactly what a piece of evidence c...

Biography of Saddam Hussein, Dictator of Iraq

Biography of Saddam Hussein, Dictator of Iraq Saddam Hussein (April 28, 1937–December 30, 2006) was the ruthless dictator of Iraq from 1979 until 2003. He was the adversary of the United States during the Persian Gulf War and found himself once again at odds with the U.S. in 2003 during the Iraq War. Captured by U.S. troops, Saddam Hussein was put on trial for crimes against humanity (he killed thousands of his own people) and was ultimately executed on December 30, 2006. Fast Facts: Saddam Hussein Known For: Dictator of Iraq from 1979–2003Also Known As: Saddam Hussein al-Tikriti, The Butcher of BaghdadBorn: April 28, 1937 in Al-Ê ¿Awjah, IraqParents: Hussein Abd al-Majid, Subha Tulfah al-MussallatDied: December 30, 2006  in Baghdad, IraqEducation: High school in Baghdad; law school for three years (did not graduate)Published Works:  Novels including Zabiba and the King, The Fortified Castle, Men and the City, Begone DemonsSpouses: Sajida Talfah, Samira ShahbandarChildren: Uday Hussein, Qusay Hussein, Raghad Hussein, Rana Hussein,Hala HusseinNotable Quote: We are ready to sacrifice our souls, our children, and our families so as not to give up Iraq. We say this so no one will think that America is capable of breaking the will of the Iraqis with its weapons. Early Years Saddam, which means he who confronts, was born in 1937 a village called al-Auja, outside of Tikrit in northern Iraq. Either just before or just after his birth, his father disappeared from his life. Some accounts say that his father was killed; others say he abandoned his family. At almost the same time, Saddams older brother died of cancer. His mothers depression made it impossible for her to care for the young Saddam, and he was sent to live with his uncle Khairullah Tulfah who was briefly imprisoned for political activity. Several years later, Saddams mother remarried a man who was illiterate, immoral, and brutal. Saddam returned to his mother but hated living with his stepfather and as soon as his uncle Khairullah Tulfah (his mothers brother) was released from prison in 1947, Saddam insisted that he go live with his uncle. Saddam didnt start primary school until he moved in with his uncle at age 10. At age 18, Saddam graduated from primary school and applied to military school. Joining the military had been Saddams dream and when he wasnt able to pass the entrance exam, he was devastated. (Though Saddam was never in the military, he frequently wore military-style outfits later in life.) Saddam then moved to Baghdad and started law school, but he found school boring and enjoyed politics more. Saddam Hussein Enters Politics Saddams uncle, an ardent Arab nationalist, introduced him to the world of politics. Iraq, which had been a British colony from the end of World War I until 1932, was bubbling with internal power struggles. One of the groups vying for power was the Baath Party, to which Saddams uncle was a member. In 1957 at age 20, Saddam joined the Baath Party. He started out as a low-ranking member of the Party responsible for leading his schoolmates in rioting. In 1959, however, he was chosen to be a member of an assassination squad. On October 7, 1959, Saddam and others attempted but failed to assassinate the prime minister. Wanted by the Iraqi government, Saddam was forced to flee. He lived in exile in Syria for three months and then moved to Egypt, where he lived for three years. In 1963, the Baath Party successfully overthrew the government and took power, which allowed Saddam to return to Iraq from exile. While home, he married his cousin, Sajida Tulfah. However, the Baath Party was overthrown after only nine months in power and Saddam was arrested in 1964 after another coup attempt. He spent 18 months in prison, where he was tortured before he escaped in July 1966. During the next two years, Saddam became an important leader within the Baath Party. In July 1968, when the Baath Party again gained power, Saddam was made vice president. Over the next decade, Saddam became increasingly powerful. On July 16, 1979, the president of Iraq was forced to resign and Saddam officially took the position. The Dictator of Iraq Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq with a brutal hand, using fear and terror to stay in power. He established a secret police force that suppressed internal dissenters and developed a cult of personality to build public support. His goal was to become the leader of the Arab world, with territory to include the oil fields of the Persian Gulf. Saddam led Iraq in a war against Iran from 1980 to 1988, which ended in a stalemate. Also during the 1980s, Saddam used chemical weapons against Kurds within Iraq, including gassing the Kurdish town of Halabja which killed 5,000 in March 1988. In 1990, Saddam ordered Iraqi troops to take the country of Kuwait. In response, the United States defended Kuwait in the Persian Gulf War. On March 19, 2003, the United States attacked Iraq. Saddam fled Baghdad during the fighting. On December 13, 2003, U.S. forces found him hiding in a hole in al-Dwar, near Tikrit. Death In October 2005, Saddam was tried by the Iraqi High Tribunal on charges of killing the people of the town of Al-Dujay. After a dramatic nine-month trial, he was found guilty of crimes against humanity, including killing and torture, and was sentenced to death. On December 30, 2006, Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging; his body was later removed to a secret location. Legacy The actions of Saddam Hussein have had a powerful impact on international politics for the 21st century. Americas relationship with Iraq and other nations of the Middle East were strongly influenced by the conflicts with Saddams Iraq. The fall of Saddam in 2003 was pictured around the world with images of his statue being pulled down by cheering Iraqis. Since Saddams fall, however, a number of challenges made life in Iraq extraordinarily difficult; employment remains low, and the rise of Al Qaeda and the Islamic State (ISIS) led to violence. Sources: The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Saddam Hussein.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 18 Jan. 2019.â€Å"Saddam Hussein Biography.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World Biography, Advameg, Inc.Saddam Caught Like a Rat in a Hole.  CNN.com, 15 December 2003.â€Å"Saddam Hussein Biography.†Ã‚  Encyclopedia of World Biography.

Heroin Addiction Leads to Mugging Research Proposal

Heroin Addiction Leads to Mugging - Research Proposal Example The topic for discussion in this paper is heroin addiction that leads to mugging. The components to be included in this research proposal are the sample that would consist of the people who have taken heroin at some point of their lives, the heroin rehabilitation centre patients and their relatives who would be surveyed for their experiences. The data collection method would consist of distributing questionnaires to understand the mindset of these people. The research design would consist of identifying the research problem, a review of the literature available associated with question stated earlier, stating the hypotheses which would signify the research question explicitly, describing the selected data that would be important for conducting the tests for the hypotheses, explanation of the procedure for obtaining the data, and a description of the research methods of analysis that would be applied on the available data in order to determine the true or the falsity of the research h ypothesis. Hypothesis- Heroin addiction leads to the social destruction of the individual by leading him to commit anti social activities like mugging Introduction Heroin is known globally to be an illegal form of drug that is also highly addictive drug. It is most used form of the opiates. Heroin is manufactured from morphine that is extracted from the seeds of some special varieties of the poppy plant. According to the census of 1998, the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse had estimated that around 2.4 million of the people had consumed heroin in their lives (Heroin Abuse and Addiction, 2000, p.1). One of the severest and long term effects of the drug is that it leads to an addiction which is very difficult to get rid of. The addiction acquires a chronic form that is characterized by the compulsive craving for the drug (Heroin Abuse and Addiction, 2000, p.3). Heroin abusers are found to spend more time, energy and money on obtaining the drug and using it. It harms the social well being of the person too. The addict soon runs out of money and indulges in criminal activities like extortion, mugging and killing people to gather money. The problem statement or the hypothesis in the paper will try to deduce the relation between illicit drug addiction and its antisocial consequence like mugging. This will be done by performing a regression analysis between the two variables. The regression equation can be written as: y = a + bx where y = dependent variable x = independent variable a = constant b = slope of the line The research statement is stated: illicit drug addiction leads to the social destruction of the individual by leading him to commit anti social activities like mugging. The hypothesis will be explained by taking two variable- independent variable i.e. illicit drug addiction (x) and a dependent variable (y) i.e. burglary, robbery and aggravated assaults according to the research topic and establishing the relation between the two variables. Thus, th e null (ho) and the alternative (h1) hypothesis can be stated as- ho : there is no significant co- relation between (illicit drug) addiction and antisocial incidents h1 : there is a significant co- relation between (illicit drug) addiction and antisocial incidents Literature review This section will review the literature available on heroin and robbery (mugging) incidents in places of Europe, Asia and Africa. In the report â€Å"The Effect of a Reduction in Heroin Supply in Australia upon Drug Distribution and Acquisitive

Relative Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Relative Theory - Essay Example earth-bound existence) – can be regarded as tenable. This gave rise to a controversy because in classical mechanics a free fall in a non-gravitational field is known as ‘inertial motion’, i.e. there is no external force applied on the object. But gravity is a force. Therefore, classical mechanics holds the view that ‘inertial objects moving through space cannot accelerate with respect to each other’. Now we come to the crux of the problem – how to reconcile the two seemingly incompatible theoretical postulates? Einstein next proposed an alternative theory in which he argued that the space-time continuum is curved. His subsequent field equations relate the curvature of space-time to the mass, energy and the momentum within it. Hence his famous equation: Now I will come to the point in the article. So called â€Å"Grandfather paradox† is directly related to the same â€Å"traveler-homebody† paradox here. Since space-time curvature as suggested by Einstein would allow us to solve the seemingly irreconcilable twin paradox presented in this article, it might be pertinent here to examine all probabilities of the theory. According to the Grandfather paradox a time traveler who goes back in time will be able to kill his biological grandfather before the latter meets the time traveler’s grandmother so that one of his parents might not be conceived. Logically, this means that he himself might not be born. Now comes the real paradox. Since the time traveler did not go back in time, his grandfather was not killed. Therefore one of his parents was born thus enabling him or her to meet the other. Finally, the time traveler was born. The homebody finds out to his amazement that his brother is now four years younger than him. The logical sequence of events should provide an equally logical outcome. Now let’s look at what the Doppler effect has to offer us by way of an explanation. According to the Doppler effect â€Å"waves that propagate in a

The role of managers and clinical leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The role of managers and clinical leaders - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the performance of all individuals is based on a large number of factors including internal as well as external ones. It is the responsibility of managers to make sure that all individuals within the organization are motivated enough and their goals are aligned with those of the company. All work done by the employees must be directed towards the objectives of the organization. Mostly all organizations now have a human resource department to improve the motivational level, performance as well as the productivity of the employees. This would improve the overall performance of the organization and would also result in higher profits due to improved quality of the task work. The factors related to the performance of an employee working in a company are similar to those working in a health organization. The motivation of employees is dependant on many factors including environmental factors etc. It also includes factors such as the task st ructure, the workplace environment as well as how the managers treat the employees and other subordinates. The process of performance management aims to improve the effectiveness of employees in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. It includes planning, developing as well as rewarding to increase the overall motivation of employees. Planning includes setting the expectations of employees and monitoring the overall performance of the employees. The management should also rate the performance of employees and provide rewards for good performance.... If an employee is continuously facing problems then the manager should change the tasks assigned to the employee involved. This would give the employee chances to use his potential and portray his skills. However, if the employee continues to face the same problems then the manager should realize that the problem is not with the tasks assigned but other factors within the employees such as the motivational level. Therefore, the manager should try to motivate the employees in order to improve his performance for the assigned task. In order to keep the staff motivated, managers all over the world follow a number of strategies. These strategies include performance appraisals, commission pays, other intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards etc. These rewards act as tools for the motivation of employees in all kinds of organizations. These increased levels of motivation in employees would increase the productivity and improve performance of the organization as a whole. This would also impro ve the employee morale and the organization would be able to retain talented employees as well. It would also improve the image of the organization in the business world. Managers should place a lot of importance on the motivation of employees as they themselves might be the reasons for low motivation and they need to understand what problems the employees are placing in their workplace (Motivation and productivity in the workplace, Web). Managers and clinical leaders have a lot of responsibilities to fulfill to improve staff morale as well as motivation of the staff employees. In order to improve staff morale and motivation, managers can develop clear cut rules and goals for the staff employees. They can even employ

Business Organasation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Organasation - Essay Example The creation of an LLP’ requires the minimum of a general partner and a limited partner. The duties, rights and obligations of these members are similar in status to those of the partners in a general partnership. Because of the limited amount of contribution exposed to the risks of investment, the limited partners are considered more as investors than partners; in addition to the fact that they are not required to participate in the management of the business (LeRoy & Jentz, 2009). After the 20 July 2000, when the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2000 was accorded the Royal Assent, the LLP’s were introduced as the latest business vehicle across the United Kingdom beginning 6 April 2001. This date was during the Inland Revenue tax year associated with the taxation structure adopted for LLP’s. Consequently, the increase in limited liability partnerships in entirely linked with the unique tax advantages available for the partners/members. Profits and losses can be directly passed with certain limitations to the partners because the limited partnership is not taxed as a separate legal entity. ... According to Arthur and Sheffrin (2003, p. 183), the LLP is made of distinct partners due to the statutory rights and responsibilities accorded to both limited and general partners. However, the difference between the rights and responsibilities of general partners in a limited partnership against those of a general partnership should be stipulated in the statute and the partnership agreement. Because of the ‘limited’ nature of limited partners, general partners become personally responsible for the obligations and debts of the company (Wood, 1997). The limited partners of a LLP are entitled to specific rights and responsibilities. Considered a ‘limited’ party, the limited partner enjoys fewer rights and hence has fewer responsibilities than the general partners. Their limited liability means that their risk is limited to the investment amount in the LLP. Unlike other partners, the interest of a limited partner is perceived as personal property. For instance if the partnership owns land, the limited partner will have an interest in the limited partnership and not the title to the assets. According to Emerson (2009) partners in a general partnership are allowed to participate in the management of the company; while limited partners attempting to participate in the control of the partnership face the risk of losing his/her limited liability status. According to the Revised Limited Partnership Act, specific responsibilities and powers are outlined through which a limited partner will lose their limited liability. Some of which include attending partners’ meetings; proposing or pursuing a derivative action in place of the company; acting as surety or representing a guarantee for the company;

Obesity in Kuwait Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Obesity in Kuwait - Research Paper Example According to a study conducted by Zaghloul et al. energy intake among Kuwaitis is extremely more than what is actually required for a person. It was higher than the estimated energy requirements for almost half of Kuwaiti children and one-third of adults. The Estimated Average Requirement was exceeded by 78–100 % of the recommendation for protein and carbohydrates. It should be noted that majority of the energy drinks and foods contain excessive sugar and fat contents. Sugar and fat are responsible for causing obesity. These food and drink items are extremely expensive compared to normal food and drink items. Only high income people will be able to spend money for these items. In other words, high income is causing obesity among Kuwaitis. Another reason for obesity among Kuwaitis is the globalization. It should be noted that globalization has brought many life style changes in this world. Because of globalization, it is easy for fast food chains to establish food outlets anywhere in the world. Foreign direct investments are welcomed in almost all the countries because of globalization. As a result of that, global fast food companies such as KFC, McDonalds and Burger King are able to establish food outlets in any country at present. The case of Kuwait is not an exception. Because of globalization, a variety of fast food companies have already established restaurants in Kuwait. According to the arguments in the article â€Å"Is  Globalization  Making Us Fat† Social globalization, have a significant impact on obesity. A social mismatch is there among the people because of globalization. This mismatch results in differences in the energy consumption levels of the people. In other words, physical and cultural e nvironments are key elements behind obesity (Is  Globalization  Making Us Fat?). According to Kumiya et al.,(p.1027) in highland areas worldwide, socioeconomic  globalization  is progressing urbanization. This

Business Organasation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Organasation - Essay Example The creation of an LLP’ requires the minimum of a general partner and a limited partner. The duties, rights and obligations of these members are similar in status to those of the partners in a general partnership. Because of the limited amount of contribution exposed to the risks of investment, the limited partners are considered more as investors than partners; in addition to the fact that they are not required to participate in the management of the business (LeRoy & Jentz, 2009). After the 20 July 2000, when the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2000 was accorded the Royal Assent, the LLP’s were introduced as the latest business vehicle across the United Kingdom beginning 6 April 2001. This date was during the Inland Revenue tax year associated with the taxation structure adopted for LLP’s. Consequently, the increase in limited liability partnerships in entirely linked with the unique tax advantages available for the partners/members. Profits and losses can be directly passed with certain limitations to the partners because the limited partnership is not taxed as a separate legal entity. ... According to Arthur and Sheffrin (2003, p. 183), the LLP is made of distinct partners due to the statutory rights and responsibilities accorded to both limited and general partners. However, the difference between the rights and responsibilities of general partners in a limited partnership against those of a general partnership should be stipulated in the statute and the partnership agreement. Because of the ‘limited’ nature of limited partners, general partners become personally responsible for the obligations and debts of the company (Wood, 1997). The limited partners of a LLP are entitled to specific rights and responsibilities. Considered a ‘limited’ party, the limited partner enjoys fewer rights and hence has fewer responsibilities than the general partners. Their limited liability means that their risk is limited to the investment amount in the LLP. Unlike other partners, the interest of a limited partner is perceived as personal property. For instance if the partnership owns land, the limited partner will have an interest in the limited partnership and not the title to the assets. According to Emerson (2009) partners in a general partnership are allowed to participate in the management of the company; while limited partners attempting to participate in the control of the partnership face the risk of losing his/her limited liability status. According to the Revised Limited Partnership Act, specific responsibilities and powers are outlined through which a limited partner will lose their limited liability. Some of which include attending partners’ meetings; proposing or pursuing a derivative action in place of the company; acting as surety or representing a guarantee for the company;

Compare three companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Compare three companies - Essay Example 1 in the overall mobile phone market; with its revenues skyrocketing and sales to end users growing 19 percent in the second quarter of 2013 .This paper is an attempt to identify the key tactics and measures adopted by Samsung to reach the top slot of consumer market all over the world. Apple and Samsung have been rivals of each other over a number of years for acquiring the entitlement for the best Smartphone manufacturer. In the recent past, Apple has convincingly won the best Smartphone provider in the past years. After the loss of its iconic mastermind Steve Job, Apple has lost its hold on the market and is receiving tough competition from Samsung. Samsung, on the other hand, has shot to fame by breaking his own previous sales records by consistently improving the quality of its smartphones, giving high-quality products like the Samsung Galaxy and giving lots of new features with every version of its smart phone range. Although Sony is not far behind but it will take time to comp ete on an equal scale with Samsung. Sony had established its name quite firmly in the television, LCD, LED, gadgets, and cellphone manufacturing industry but Samsung has now taken the lead in this context and is capturing the TV market by developing LED, LCD with more advanced technology and more user friendly features under reasonable rates. After the not so successful launch of iPhone5, Apple has quietly predicted that the new iPhone 5S will be the first ever Apple phone that has been created primarily to compete with Samsung and will give a tough competition in head to head sales. If both company’s latest smartphones are analyzed, then it becomes clear that the image of Samsung is in every way a step ahead from Apple because of its unique production techniques. It is important to have a comparison of iPhone5S and Samsung Galaxy S4 specs to understand the difference between the latest offerings from each vendor. Both these sets were introduced in 2013. DISPLAY Samsung Apple Physical size 5.0 inches 4.0 inches    Resolution 1080 x 1920 pixels 640 x 1136 pixels    Pixel density 441 ppi 326 ppi    Technology Super AMOLED IPS LCD    Colors 16 777 216 16 777 216    Touchscreen Capacitive, Multi-touch Capacitive, Multi-touch    Features Light sensor, Proximity sensor, Scratch-resistant glass (Corning Gorilla Glass) Light sensor, Proximity sensor    HARDWARE System chip Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 APQ8064T Apple A6    Processor Quad core, 1900 MHz, Krait 300 Dual core, 1300 MHz, Apple Swift    Graphics processor Adreno 320 PowerVR SGX543MP3    System memory 2048 MB RAM (Dual-channel) / LPDDR3 1016 MB RAM (Dual-channel, 1066 MHz) / LPDDR2    Built-in storage 16 GB 16 GB    Storage expansion microSD, microSDHC, microSDXC up to 64 GB       (Han) From the above comparison, it becomes clear that Samsung is taking the lead in almost every aspect related to producing a great and fully loaded smart phone. The only edge that iPhone 5s seem to have over Samsung’s Galaxy S4 is that iPhone tends to be much lighter but still Samsung’s S4 offers so much more and is also having a handy look to suit all sorts of customers. The strange thing which is noticed by the users of android is that the new version of Apple ios7 is almost a replica to the android users, which is a controversial topic. It is crystal clear that the iPhone is actually adopting android interface software to give their iPhone a different look. The new version of

Organisational Structure Essay Example for Free

Organisational Structure Essay All organisations are designed to suit their objectives, role, and mission. Internal structure of an organisation is the way in which interrelated groups of an organisation are arranged in a particular fashion for effective communication and best possible coordination (Wikipedia, 2006). Organisational structure plays an important role in day-to-day functions of an organization. The organisational structure of an organization will dictate the delegation of authority, work specialization, and employee reporting framework. An efficient structure will facilitate decision making. A good organisational structure removes uncertainties and helps in planning for future expansion as well (Business Bureau-uk, 2002). A company would adopt a suitable combination of structure and control systems that are most effective for pursuing sustainable competitive advantage. In addition to coordinating strategy implementation, the role of structure and control is to motivate and provide incentives for superior performance. There are numerous internal and external factors affecting the way organizations structure themselves. This essay will scrutinize organisational structures of small and medium sized organizations in different countries. An evaluation of the factors affecting these structures has also been carried out coupled with an analysis of the response from these organizations to varying challenges. Organisational Structures Three major components of organisational structure identified by most theorists include complexity, formalisation, and centralisation (Robbins, 1987). Complexity is basically the degree of differentiation that exists within an organization. Horizontal differentiation considers the degree of separation between units of the same level and vertical differentiation refers to the depth of the organizational hierarchy. A well-known way of horizontal differentiation is the multidivisional (M-form) structure (Chandler, 1962). This structural form is used by firms to carry out most diverse economic activities. Other forms of horizontal differentiation are the functional structure in which people and tasks are grouped together on the basis of their common expertise and experience. Then there are the geographic structures, which use regional basis for organizing activities, and the product division structure which has a focus on products or product groups. The second component of organisational structure is the formalisation. The formalisation refers to the degree to which jobs within the organization are standardized. If a job is highly formalized, there are explicit job descriptions, lots of organizational rules, and clearly defined procedures. The formal organization however does not imply that the organisational structure will become inflexible. The informal organization on the other hand is any joint activity without conscious joint purpose, even though contributing to joint results (Barnard, 1964). The third component of organisational structure is the centralisation. It is defined by most theorists as the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organization. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Different Countries SMEs are generally defined as having fewer than 250 employees and less than 50 million euros in annual turnover (Cardais, 2005). SMEs play a major role in developed economies. According to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, in 2000, 99. 8 per cent of enterprises in 19 countries in Western Europe were SMEs (Kuwayama, 2002). In the United States, small businesses employ more than half of the labor force. The SMEs constitute 96% of the total establishments and represented 69% of total employment in the US (APEC, 2006). SMEs are inherently adaptive to changing market and supply environments. SMEs help in deepening managerial and entrepreneurial skills, and are considered very attractive because of their diversity and competition in the supply of products and services. In United States, SMEs generate half of the national total sales. Most of these corporations develop market-like relationships between the different parts of their organisation. This is reflected in the greater use of the multidivisional structure form. In United States, companies are split into profit centres in pursuance of their market strategies. There is however heavy reliance on formal procedures and standardisation of organisational roles which makes American companies to coordinate a large diversity of economic activities. In Europe, 20 million small and medium sized enterprises comprise major chunk of the European economy. The SMEs in Eurpoe are providing around 65 million jobs. SMEs have greater opportunities to continuously evlove their structures keeping in view their diversified role and constantly changing competitive environments. Organisational Structure of SMEs is very dynamic in Europe. In Germany specially, SMEs are more centralized than US companies and planning and control is more integrated (Europa, 2006). The German SMEs are characterised by a strong linkage between enterprise and owner. This close relationship strongly influences the internal structure and market strategies of the enterprises (Hauser, 2000, pp. 1-2). Factors Reshaping Organisations There are many internal and external forces that can affect an organization. Internally an organization creates its own internal structure, mission, and fiscal policies. These internal forces are designed to meet the external challenges like competitors, the economy, and the demands of the customers. All these factors are having unified impact on organizations in United States and in Europe. Customer demands are influencing organizational structures directly in the same manner that supply can affect demand and vice versa. Another area influencing organizational designs is the constantly changing requirements of the human resources. Surveys conducted in United States have revealed changing workforce behaviour. Changing drives for motivating workers, and getting the best out of them affects the way a company needs to organise its resources. SMEs in developed economies are influenced by e-business to a great extent, allowing them to trade worldwide from a single website. Organisations in Europe and United States are deeply effected by the environment. The advancement of technology is forcing the companies to reengineer their processes. The general environment is dictating change in socio-cultural outlook of companies. With regard to the task environment, major forces playing their part in reshaping organisations include competitors, customers, suppliers, regulators, and strategic allies. High performance and customer satisfaction are directly related to structural design of a company. To compete effectively, the company must avoid becoming operated by a top-down approach. In an era of rapid change and high technology, companies are required to shift centralized management controls. The environment is dictating to focus on streamlining operations, and empowering workers with the knowledge, skills and resources to do their jobs. Analysis of Response to Changing Requirements Change is always viewed differently by the management and the employees. Top level management perceives change as an opportunity to strengthen the business and to advance in their career. The employees however do not welcome the change. They consider change as disruptive and intrusive. They may worry about their ability to meet new job demands. They may think that their job security is threatened, or they may simply dislike ambiguity. Some managers may also feel threatened by the change since it may be against their self-interests. Managers so affected may fight the change as well. But the change is inevitable. The only thing constant in this world is the change. Organizations in Europe and United States are changing and actively adapting to their environments. Organisations in United States are structuring to small business units to tackle complex, and highly uncertain environments in the face of huge competition. Organizations whose structures are not fitted to the environment can not perform well and eventually fail (Borgatti, 1996). The changes are being made to the tools, resources, and the physical or organizational settings of the company. Organisations in Europe and United States are redesigning their structures to meet new challenges. Customers, owners, suppliers, regulators, local communities, and other employees are changing their needs constantly which are compelling the SMEs to adopt a flexible and dynamic structure. The Impact of uncertainty avoidance dimension is forcing towards flexibility of jobs definition and task interchangeability which is quite visible in US and European companies nowadays (Hofstede, 1980). Conclusion The last decade of 20th century witnessed developments occurring within a frame work of rapidly expanding social and economic interdependence on a global scale. Organizations have evolved through periods of incremental or evolutionary change. The major work changes happening today are changes in organizational strategy, organizational structure and design, technology and human resources. In contrast to the classical scholars, most theorists today believe that there is no one best way to organize. What is important is that there be a fit between the organizations structure, its size, its technology, and the requirements of the environment including the competitors. References http://www.actetsme.org/usa/usa98.htm http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/orgtheory.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_structure

Ecotourism Of Jim Corbett National Park

Ecotourism Of Jim Corbett National Park Jim Corbett national park is one of the beautiful places for tourism. It is situated in Utterakhand state which was recently formed as a new state from the northern part of the Utter Pradesh (which is in India). This national park is exactly located at down part of Himalayas surrounded by districts of Nainital, Pauri, Garhwal, Almora and Bijnore. This park covered an area about 1300 sq.km which is included about 500sq.km of central parkt of the city and 800 sq.km of defence area. The central area is formed as a national park and the defence area is formed as Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary and reserve forest. The parks have sub-Himalayan belt geographical and ecological characteristics. This nark will come under ECOTOURISM in which this park was formed by 488 different species of different plants and it also has dissimilar varieties of fauna. Due to increase of visitors and some other problem, this park has faced serious challenge for their ecological balance. In the year of 1957 the park runs from side to side to the river. In the same year this park was again given name as a CORBETT NATIONAL PARK. Jim Corbett National Park after the carnival it have turned as a hunter environmentalist who was silent probably the residents area of man and animals, better than anyone else and he helped so much for setting up the boundaries of park. Almost all were based on his area. In the year of 1970 after understanding sunrise upon the country loss of the Indian tiger is a definite risk and one more project was introduced at the forest rest house that is Dhikala on April 1st 1973.There is no looking back for Corbett national park, there is well thought-out as one prime countrywide park of the country which is considered. Jim Corbett show popular almost courage at countless shooting man in eater leopards and tigers. He followed a strictly a golden rule where he was refused to kill. Jim Corbett has man -eaters (1944) rudraprayag of leopard and the tiger of temple kumaon of man- eaters (1954). However he perhaps fame to greatest claim for Jim Corbett lies on the Corbett National Park, It is one of the most tourist important destination of Indian. Corbett national park is famed for its wealth and different species of its wildlife which is included with 50 species of mammals and more than 580 species of birds. This park is safety place for animals such as tigers, Indian elephants, wild dogs, leopard cats, indian pangolin and hog deer. This is placed in terai of Uttarakhand but now we can rarely seen outside of this park. This terai (moist land) place is formed by muddy jungle and grassland which is extended in between the foot hills of Himalayas and indian plaind The Ram-ganga River is a basis of attractive to numerous winter traveller birds. A number of high heights above sea level birds also visit the Corbett national park at winter time. With height of Corbett national park range from 400 meters to 1,200 meters above sea level and there is a rich selection of environment. Almost 73% of the park is covered by thick moist deciduous forest with a majority of sal trees go together with haldu, pipal, rohini and mango trees. 10% of the core area is covered by a collection of grasslands in the valley Jeep Safari and Elephant Safari are located in Jim Corbett national park. Jeep Safari and elephant safari is a place of collection of tigers, wild elephants and it is a good place for the visitors. The best way of viewing of this park is jeep and elephant back. This elephant safari will show the deep forest (natural forest view) and closer to the wildlife without scaring the animals away. Generally visitors can observe wildlife at Corbett national park contains the spotted deer, wild boars, sambar, barking deer, rhesus macaques, langur monkeys, peacocks and herds of wild elephants. Corbett national park in India is a heaven for birdwatchers, control over 580 different species of birds. On request visitors can also get hold of commonly found list of the birds and mammals in Corbett national park. . HISTORY Corbett national park is an old national park which is located on the Indian sub-continent which is establish in August 1936. In the beginning this park was called the Hailey national park after that government of utter Pradesh is named as Sir Malcolm Hailey. After independence this park was renamed the Ram-ganga national park. In 1957 this park was given name as Corbett national park in remembrance of the famous hunter and ecologist. At that time he has taken the responsible for mark out the park boundaries and he have helped in setting up the Corbett national park. Dhikala in Corbett national park have the difference of being the scene. In 1974 for the launch of Project Tiger, Indias ambitious conservation program to save the tiger and its habitat. The creation of 9 tiger reserves, including Corbett national park, was announced. In 1972, Indias tiger population had fallen to an all time low of 1,800. A 1993 census suggests that Indias tiger population stands at 3,750. Corbett national park in India is a important project, in which the rules of protection are to be securely followed by visitor, park workers and the Kumauni villagers (who live just outside the Corbett national park) and this made easy for the reason that is a park much-loved of all who visit. The hygienic river ramganga is the living source of the Corbett national park. The plants at Corbett national park is thick mixed deciduous with a wide selection of trees including the grand sal, and creepers, shrubs, bamboos and grasses. It is a beautiful perfect park, the air full of tangy fragrances and expectation. This will come in with modesty, meaningful that you are in a celebrity elses house. Corbett national park is a superb lesson in biodiversity. Morning smog over the river blue skies with idle clouds, bird songs speckled sunlight pointed perfume a crunch in the grass. In the year of 1820 a Private property of local rulers before being taken over by the British Raj. In the year of 1858 the British rulers have provided the protection to this park In 1879 this forest is declared as a reserved forest. In between 1900-1910 Jim Corbett leads shikar parties and kills two maneaters. In 1910 Jim Corbett gives up killing as mere sport and becomes the saviour of the villagers, delivering them from maneaters. In 1934 The Park is declared a National Park and Corbett helps name the boundaries. 1n 1957 after the death of Jim Corbett, the Park is renamed in honour of his memory. In feb 1974 tiger project was introduced. In the year of 1986 Corbett National Park celebrates its Golden Jubilee. In the year of 1996 staff of this park Celebrated Diamond Jubilee of its existence as Corbett National Park. At 9th November 2000 this park have became as a part of uttarakahand state. In 2010 this project have became as a international project Methodology Due to the limited previous research on Jim Corbett national park in tourism, this study takes a tentative approach. The method selected is qualitative, in the form of questionnaire interviews. The in-depth interviews will be undertaken by the visitors of Jim Corbett national park. There are number of techniques used in calculating the. I intend to use the short method proposed by Based on Zeithaml et al. (1988). The information for measurement of the areas mentioned above will come from secondary data (Newspaper, Journals, and Media etc.). Provenance The data for this analysis will come from data of the INDIA tourism board, articles from newspapers, World Wide Web, journals and media. The researcher will draw on the following works to assist with these measurements. Some books have published on Jim Corbett national park as mentioned below Man-Eaters of Kumaon. The Temple Tiger and More Man-Eaters of Kumaon. Jungle Lore. The Man-Eating Leopard of Rudraprayag. What is Ecotourism? Generally ecotourism means creating of little environmental impact probable and helping to sustain Natural places encourage the defence of wildlife and habitats when the visitors are visiting this place. The responsibility of development of ecotourism is taken by the tourism and tourism development sectors, in which it will encourages the natural life of living aspects and it is also the key to sustainable ecological development. Nowadays the Green Laws of preservation are making people aware of how man and the environment can live symbiotically for more time to come and ecotourism is the only way makes best use of the economic, environmental and social benefits of tourism. Every person is stakeholder in this process and we clearly need to avoid our long-ago limitation and harmful impact that they cover. Ecotourism of Jim Corbett national park The main objective of ecotourism is to focus on the protection of wildlife and the reserve management. In the year of 1993 ecotourism management have started training for staff which covers history of Jim Corbett National Park, visitor management and park naturalists. In 1995 they have recruited more guides to reach the customers need and to do the good marketing. This project allowed the staff to guide the travelers about the activities of the management. After a long time the government of India have organized several workshops on ecotourism in Corbett national park in which to develop their surrounding regions. This park is remain protected my Garhwali region. In the year of 1995 Riley have said that best chances of viewing of tigers is to come late in the dry season that is in between the months of April to mid of June and elephants can be seen in any day In the year of 1997 tiwari and josh have said that in between the months of April June this place is best for the Indian tourists and they have recommended in between the months of November January for the foreign tourists. In the year of 1991 this park have covered 3237 tourist vehicles which is carrying about 47,215 visitors during the tourism seasons between 15th November-15th June. The main concept of Jim Corbett National Park will show the natural ecotourism. Excessive trampling of soil due to tourist pressure has led to reduce of plant species and has also results in reducing of soil moisture. Majority of visitors have used the wood as a fuel for cooking usually this fuel is obtained from nearby forests which is resulted great pressure on forest ecosystem of the park and visitors have got so many problems by making noise, littering. In the year of 2007 young photographer Mr. Kahini Ghosh Mehta have taken a challenge for promoting healthy tourism about Corbett national park and he is the person who have made first time travel guide on Corbett. The first film which is named wild saga of Corbett has provided the information about needed by a tourist before when they are planning to visit a park and they have collected the tips from the senior park official, nature guides and naturalists. At the present time visitors can get a DVDs copy of this film from the bombay natural history society (BNHS) Good Points about Corbett National Park Good-looking place with rich range of wildlife, including tiger and elephant. Jeep safari and Elephant safaris which will allow wildlife to be seen nearby and are great fun. Fairly easy to journey to Corbett for the reason that of the morning and overnight train between Delhi and Ramnagar. Bad Points about Corbett National Park Extremely accepted by tourists, for that reason it was high demand for jeep safari and elephant safaris and frequently exceed availability. Corbett Forest Rest House and Hotel in Corbett National Park are limited, advisable to make booking, before you go Corbett National Park. Hypothesis There are two kinds of hypothesis in this statement. One can directional hypothesis as in preservation of tigers is the most important aspect of Jim Corbett national park and the other can be non directional hypothesis as in there is a relationship between conservation of tigers and Jim Corbett park as a part of environmental tourism. Objectives of the research: The primary objective of this is to find out the advantages of carrying out project tiget in jim cabert national park as a part of environmental tourism. Flora and fauna are the best examples and known for their protection project of task on tiger project. Some of the questions have been addressed What are the major schemes undertaken for progress of the tiger reserve project? How this Project Tiger help develop the tourism sector in Jim Corbett Park? What are the government initiatives for the development of tourism in Jim Corbett Park? This case study will also be presented to identify the benefits of tiger project for tourism relates activities Techniques Both qualitative and quantitative analysis will be used. For the quantitative analysis, descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and percentages will be utilised. A questionnaire using the Liker scale will be used to measure attitudes. Statistical data will be used to present the findings. Systematic collation and comparison of the various data from the different sources will be made. The researcher plans to use the semi-structured interview to obtain information about the attitude of the stakeholders. Jankowicz (2005) claim that the semi-structured interview is an effective research technique as it assist in reducing bias. A checklist based on a literature review will be formulated by the researcher to construct the questions for these interviews. Content analysis will be used to evaluate the information from those interviews. Time Line I started my MSc. International Tourism course in September 2008 and will finish by November 2009. June 2009 Tutorial (proposal discussion with tutor) July 2009 Literature Review August 2009 Construct research instruments (semi structured interview and questionnaire) August 2009- Complete literature review, Pilot test instruments, Tutorial September 2009 Review and rewrite instruments September 2009 Analysis of findings, Archival research, Tutorial October 2009 Conduct interviews and administer questionnaire October 2009 Analyse data, Tutorial November Present final dissertation. CONTENTS Chapter One Introduction Background of the study Importance of the study Definition of terms Conceptual Frame work Chapter Two Review of literature Chapter Three Methodology Introduction to Research Methodology Survey design and administration Survey methods Research limitations Chapter Four Data Analysis and Results Introduction to Data Analysis and Results Chapter Five Discussion and Findings Introduction to discussion Discussion Chapter Six Conclusion Conclusions Introduction Key issues emerged Scope for further research and limitation Bibliography Appendices Anticipated learning After conclusion of the course I would like to go back residence and I like to assist the staff in Jim Corbett national park. I consider that this study will offer me with some of the necessary tools and knowledge that required making a valuable contribution to the future research conducted by the Hospitality Industry.

Advertising Ethics :: Article Reviews Essays

Advertising Ethics Dittrich, Liz Ph.D. â€Å"About-face Facts on the Media†. About Face. 1996-2004. This article talks about how advertising promotes the cultures current for body shape and site and the importance of beauty. It talks about women’s magazines and how they include so many adds for weight loss and how many girls own Barbie dolls. The piece also talks about how all of these adds effect people and to what extent they effect people. The author of this piece is the director of Research and Outreach for About- Face and has a doctorate in Clinical Psychology. Based on those facts alone I feel that this piece is very credible and contains truthful information. Limitations of this piece include only having one side and not pertaining specifically to ethics in advertising. I will be able to utilize this piece mostly because it contains a lot of statistics and good information to help me in the angle I am going to take on how ethics in advertising affect women. This piece is very different from all of my sources because it does not pertain quite so directly to the topic I am writing on. (190) Heller, Lleland Dr. â€Å"Advertising, Children, and Ethics.† Professional Articles. 1990 http://www.drheller.com/april01.html This article talks about psychologists helping advertising companies to help the create effective advertisements that target children. The article asks if this is ethical. Psychologists also help these companies create educational toy advertisements, anti-drug advertisements, â€Å"don’t drink and drive† advertisements, etc. So the article asks if you can really separate out all of the situations and make a statement that includes all of them. The main issue the article talks about is that people feel as though psychologists own that information and can use it as they please but that that is not the case at all. The article says that ultimately parents should be trained and able to say no because after all it is there responsibility. This piece is written by a doctor who seems to be well-know and who has treated a lot of patients. Dr. Leland Heller is the author of 2 books, specializes in treating the borderline personality disorder and has treated over 3000 peo ple with this disorder. The intended audience of this piece is people who are accusing psychologist of using there knowledge unethically by giving it to advertisement companies and others who may be interested in the topic.

Tourism in Thailand :: Papers

Tourism in Thailand As we enter a new millenium the post-colonial nations in the world are still searching for ways to compete in an increasingly globalized, consumption driven economic environment. Many developing countries have speculated that Tourism is an effective catalyst for development as well as increased international understanding. Thailand, who has embraced tourism as the key to its modernization strategy, has been hailed by many as a paradigm for success. Over the past twenty years Thailand has enjoyed one of the fastest economic growth rates of any developing country. This rapid progress has allowed Thailand to emerge as an economic leader in the Third world. The $4 billion a year in tourism revenue is the core support of the Thai economy (Bishop, p. VI). Thai officials have attributed the success of the tourism industry to the "many attractions located in various parts of the country" as well as "the uniqueness of the Thai people" --- "their friendliness and hospitality (Bishop, p. 6 7)." However the Thai government has failed to recognize the contributions of sex tourism which is estimated to generate about $1.5 billion every year, according to Professor Krikiat Phiapatserithan of Thammasat University (World congress, regional profiles, p. 3). Thailand's failure to recognize the sex tourism is reflective of the discourse used by the worldwide tourism industry to analyze the industry's success. From the standpoint of the tourism industry the success of tourism is directly related only to economic factors, anything else is seen as unnecessary. It is in the best interest of tourism corporations and the countries that are dependent on tourism to discourage the circulation of information regarding any of the potential negative effects related to tourism. The censorship of information by these entities has caused much of the general public to be ignorant of the adverse consequences of the mass tourist industry in Thailand. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the sex tourism, using Thailand as the basis of my investigation. I will begin by shedding light on the complex social and economic factors that has formed the modern sex industry of Thailand. Then I will link the damaging effects to the Thailand's cultural values and quality of life to the emergence of child sex tourism, which in recent years has immerged as a significant contributor of tourist revenue.

Coca-Cola Management Strategy

Assessment 1 Case Study Report of Coca Cola Company Hang LU S81293 Executive Summary The Coca-Cola Company (NYSE:  KO) is the world's largest beverage company, largest manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups in the world and is one of the largest corporations in the United States. The company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola, invented by pharmacist John Stith Pemberton in 1886. The Coca-Cola formula and brand was bought in 1889 by Asa Candler who incorporated The Coca-Cola Company in 1892. Besides its namesake Coca-Cola beverage, Coca-Cola currently offers nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries or territories and serves 1. 6 billion servings each day. [4] The company operates a franchised distribution system dating from 1889 where The Coca-Cola Company only produces syrup concentrate which is then sold to various bottlers throughout the world who hold an exclusive territory. The Coca-Cola Company is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock is listed on the NYSE and is part of DJIA and S 500. Its current chairman and CEO is Muhtar Kent. CONTENTS Introduction Company Background Mission and Vision Goals The Competitive Advantage of Coca-Cola Brands Five Forces Analysis Intensity of the Competitive Forces Generic Business Strategy Conclusion Introduction Coca-Cola has sold more than one billion servings every day. More than 10,450 beverages are consumed every second. It is present on all seven continents and is recognized by 94% of the world population. Coca-Cola grow from its humble roots as a home-brewed Georgia-based patent medicine to be the international soft drink powerhouse today. Coca-Cola used many technologies to achieve its rise to the top of the soft drink industry, defining new technologies and establishing paradigms that popped the status quo like a cap from a soda bottle. Through technology, Coca-Cola perfected Coke as a beverage and spread it throughout the world. Even today, the US soft drink industry is organized on this principle. â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company† is now the largest soft drink company in the world with products that include Coca- Cola, Diet Coke, Sprite, and Fanta etc.. It is employing about 71,000 people worldwide in over 200 countries. Coke produces about 400 brands consisting of over 2. 600 beverage products, such as water, juice and juice drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, teas, and coffees. Coke products are distributed though restaurants, grocery market, street vendors, and others, all of which sell to the end users: consumers, who consume in excess of 1. 4 billion servings daily. Company Background The Coca-Cola Company is now the largest soft drink company in the world. Coca- Cola became the largest manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups which operate in more than 200 countries. Coca- Cola was invented on May 1886 by Dr. John Stith Pemberton in Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia. The name Coca-Cola was suggested by Pemberton's book-keeper, Frank Robinson. He penned the name Coca-Cola in the flowing script that is famous today. Vision & Mission Coca-Cola has been marketed with catching marketing themes such as â€Å"Drink Coca- Cola† and â€Å"Delicious and Refreshing†. After years of globalization and brand building, Coca-Cola proudly pronounces its Mission Statement â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company exists to benefit and refresh everyone who is touched by our business†. And their goals: The basic proposition of our business is simple, solid and timeless. When we bring refreshment, value, joy and fun to our stakeholders, then we successfully nurture and protect our brands, particularly Coca-Cola. That is the key to fulfilling our ultimate obligation to provide consistently attractive returns to the owners of our business. Indeed, it was! Coca-cola's mission â€Å"our people and our promise† mainly focuses in Coca-Cola world is to celebrate, refresh, strengthen and protect. Coca-Cola feels that they should offer a soft-drink to the entire global community, which is environmentally safe and accepted. The company's mission is directed towards its soft drink business and the strategy management changes that will be forthcoming. Coca-Cola appeals to the long term interests of stakeholders particularly shareowners, employees and customers. This helps to support the local populations by offering job opportunities, and it also helps out the local and global economies in which the employees live. Woodruff's vision that coca-cola to be placed within â€Å"arm's reach of desire† came true from the mid 1940s until 1960, the number of countries with bottling operations nearly doubled. It is so feasible that the company can reasonably expect to achieve in due time. Coca-Cola strives to find new innovations to better its products and to stay a step ahead of its competitors as what is mentioned in the mission â€Å"the action we will take†. This is a key element in the company's drive to be number one in the industry. Also it is constantly looking for improvements in everything that it does, both in the production and the manner in which the company is run daily. Goals â€Å"That combination infuses all the elements of the strategy that we are implementing to deliver value to our share owners in the year to come, and well into the future: a) Accelerate carbonated soft-drink growth, led by Coca-Cola; b) Selectively broaden our family of beverage brands to drive profitable growth; c) Grow system profitability and capability together with our bottling partners; ) Serve customers with creativity and consistency to generate growth across all channels; e) Direct investments to highest potential areas across markets; and f) Drive efficiency and cost-effectiveness everywhere. † The Competitive Advantage of Coca-Cola Brands The company's sharp focus on its business also gives it a cost advantage. Although Coke earned less than five cents per 8oz serving last year, it did manage to sell about 380 bil lion servings! That kind of volume has advantages. The Coca-Cola Company has invested in building its trademark for over 113 years. Consumers worldwide recognize the Coca-Cola trademark and icons as symbols of quality and refreshment. Because Coca-Cola is the â€Å"ideal† soft drink that sets the benchmark for consumers' expectations, businesses that display and associate with the trademark immediately signal that they are committed to serving the most preferred soft drinks in the industry. The advantages of coca cola in adopting globalization trends are first of all with the economic scale that is bigger (talking about the whole entire world instead of one country, as mass marketing) it help coca cola to actually reduce the cost of producing adjusting to the country where the product is manufactured and price (cutting the cost of transportation, export and import cost as well as tax). It also helps coca cola to gain competitive advantages of a high quality product. The localize system or management help the company to expand the local network with the value creation functions and also established in low c ost markets, instead of the country of origins. They also can have a tight bound of long term contract with the low cost supplier in each country. Five Forces Analysis Today, soft drink industry is a very competitive industry to be in. Porter's five forces model shows us that there is already a strong barrier to entry established by the traditional concentrate producers such as Coca-Cola, suppliers' bargaining power is strong, buyers' power is weak, substitutes for beverage products are easy to produce, and the intensity of rivalry is strong since the industry is already facing a slow growth and high industry concentration. †¢ Suppliers' Bargaining Power Suppliers' bargaining power in this beverage industry is strong. For example, the soft drink ingredient producer – NutraSweet who specializes in producing concentrate sweeteners. Since there is a rising concern in health and safety issues in the soft drink drinking within the consumer market, the healthier sweetener, aspartame, that NutraSweet markets allowed it to have a high impact and input on costs of each bottler's product costs. Since NutraSweet was the only marketer that marketed the standard aspartame the costs of using NutraSweet's aspartame is relatively high compare to other substitutes such as sugar. Buyers' Bargaining Power The Buyers of the soft drink industry are the concentrate bottlers. Bottlers of the soft drink industry have a low bargaining power since they form the largest base (the greatest number) of all the elements of Porter's five forces. Most of the bottlers are Coca-Cola owned before 1980, and almost all of them are under some sort of contractual agreement stating that bottlers must accommodate the programs set u p by the concentrate producers' for the products that they have franchised. High fees are required of the bottlers re such as high start-up costs ranging from $100,000 to several million dollars, paying for two-third of promotional costs, while costs were typically split fifty/fifty for doing consumer promotion and trade. It is also hard for bottlers to identify their own brand identity since their products are made of concentrates and the names that they use are the names of the concentrate manufacturer . Coca-Cola, hence discouraging their own product differentiation. †¢ Rivalry Among Competing Sellers There is a strong barrier setup by the traditional concentrate producers. For new rivalry to enter into the market is extremely difficult since the two soft drink giants such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola have already created a soft drink tradition and branding. Also since the soft drink giants have already created their bottler network and also owned majority of them, it is even harder for new entrants to be gain an absolute cost and competitive advantage. Governmental policies also create obstacles to the new entrants in the cola industry since the word â€Å"Coke† is strictly mean Coca-cola. Current rivalry within the soft drink industry is mainly evolved around the two giants who are Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. The two giants owned most of the spacing for the vending machines, developed most the flavors for the popular products within the market, and occupied most of the soft drink market shares within the industry. They are able to utilize and plane well ahead of other smaller companies within the industry. Other smaller firms are mainly there for competition between the two firms. One example would be PepsiCo's purchase of Seven-Up's to expand its product line. Once Coca-Cola is aware of PepsiCo's expansion, readily they are also willing to purchase Dr Pepper. However since the buyout of Seven-Up's domestic operations was blocked by the Federal Trade, Coca- Cola also dropped its pursuit on Dr Pepper. In the current soft drink industry, there is a constant battle between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. †¢ Substitute Products Threats of substitutes are high since soft drink industry is a highly unstable industry. Switching costs for the consumers are extremely low since the pricing of soft drinks is cheap and consumer's taste is ever changing. There is no tradeoff for the consumers to switch to other products so it is easy for consumers to change their loyalties. One example would be the Pepsi Challenge rose by PepsiCo over the states. The challenged had blinded people over the states tasted different brands of soft drinks and found out that majority of them liked Pepsi over Coke, thus PepsiCo's Pepsi-Cola was able to gain market share and attracted a larger market share. †¢ Potential New Entrants The soft drink industry is an extremely difficult industry to get into. The existing soft drink industry is already dominated by experienced dominant players with over century-long experience, new entrants would have to be truly unique to be able to gain an absolute competitive advantage within this industry. If their products are unique, they would not have to worry about the fear of product substitution. Once the new entrants have gained an absolute advantage within the industry, they would have to deal with the suppliers who may have a strong bargaining power over pricing on the ingredients they need. Apart from that, they would need buyers, which are bottlers in this case. Once they have a base of bottlers with them, then only they have a chance of success in this industry. Intensity of the Competitive Forces Coca-Cola created a very strong barrier to entry for its competitors. New entry into the market is extremely difficult. The two soft drink giants, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo controlled the whole market. In addition, Coca-Cola has already created its bottler network and also owned majority of them, it is even harder for new entrants to gain an absolute cost and competitive advantage. The threats of substitutes are high since soft drink industry is a highly unstable industry. Switching costs for the consumers are extremely low and there is no trade-off for the consumers to switch to other products so it is easy for consumers to change their loyalties. Generic Business Strategy In order to gain competitive edge in the consumer market, other than responding quickly to the external forces and its internal environment, Coca-cola also looks into its position within the industry. The generic competitive strategies pursued by Coca-Cola are: Low Cost Strategy & Broad Differentiation Strategy Coca-Cola is seen to have employed these two competitive strategies: Focused Low Cost and Broad Differentiation. The company has chosen to serve the consumer drink market and achieved cost savings by means of: ) Achieving economies of scale in the mass production of all Coca-Cola products lowers its unit cost. ii) Long learning, knowledge and experience in production and process, as the company existed more than a century. iii) Efficiency and effectiveness in manufacturing and distribution network. iv) Sharing of research and development, advertising and promotions cost among the brands carried by Coca-Cola has enabled to achieve economies of scope. C oca-Cola uses Broad Differentiation strategy on the basis of: i) Offering of wide range of its drink products . round 230 brands are currently being offered in the global market. ii) High brand image and recognition have resulted in superior product perception among consumers. iii) Packaging and bottling . The use of contoured shape bottle and the slim curly font have made Coca-Cola an easily recognized symbol. Conclusion Nowadays, Coca-Cola is not just a brand. It’s already a part of people’s life. It leads carbonated soft-drink industry growth. The company is monopolize the beverage market over a century. However, People are becoming increasingly health conscious, this has led to a decrease in the consumption of soft drink. It is the big challenge for coca-cola company in the future. References 1. ^ â€Å"Board of Directors Elects Muhtar Kent Chairman†. The Coca-Cola Company. April 23, 2009. http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/presscenter/nr_20090423_muhtar_kent. html. Retrieved 2009-05-02. 2. ^ Coca-Cola Products: New Coca-Cola Products, Brands of Beverages & More 3. ^ â€Å"2009 Form 10-K Annual Report†. Form 10-K. The Coca-Cola Company. 2009. http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/investors/form_10K_2008. html. Retrieved 2009-08-31. 4. Cola Wars : Five Forces  Analysis October 18, 2007